Computer Kya Hai? कम्प्यूटर क्या है?
Computer kya hai? Computer ke bare mein sampurna jankari
Computer aaj kal hamare jivan ka mahatva purn hissa ban chuka hai vividh vibhinn kshetron mein istemal ho raha hai jaise ki vigyan vyavsayikta manoranjan chikitsa aur shiksha aaj ham is lekh mein janenge ki computer ke bare mein computer ka upyog unke karya fayde computer ke prakar ityadi ke bare mein is block ko aap pura padi hai taki aapka samay badhiya barbad na ho aur jante hain computer ke bare mein.
Computer kya hai? What is a Computer System?
Computer electronic machine hai jo data processing karne ke liye design ka kiya gaya iska mukhya karya input input data ko process karke output data utpann karna hai computer ka ful form ful form off computer common operating machine purposely used for technology and educational research yah computer ki ful form 1967 mein electrical aur electronics engineer sansthan iee ne di thi.
Computer full form कंप्यूटर का पूरा नाम क्या है?
Common Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technological and Educational Research
INPUT– input jisse computer ko data Milta Hai jaise ki keyboard mouse touch screen aur Anya sambandhit upkaran
CPU– processing your data ko process karta hai aur ise input se output Mein Badalta Hai
OUTPUT– jisse process Hua data ka parinaam Milta Hai jaise ki monitor printer aur Anya upkaran computer ke Mukhya do bhag
कंप्यूटर के भाग Main parts of Computer?
Computer ke do mukhya hisse hardware and software hote hai.
Computer Hardware हार्डवेयर Computer Kya Hai
Hardware computer ke physical components ko darshata hai ya nahin computer ke vah bhi sabhi paath jinhen ham chhu sakte hain use hardware kahate hain jaise ki processor storage hdd sdd input devices jaise ki keyboard mouse jaise ki monitor aur printer hardware ke andar aane wali devices upkaran input device processing unit output device storage devices.
Aise upkaran hote hain jinke dwara ham computer ko nirdesh dene ke liye karte hain ki use kya karya karna hai hamen madad karta hai mouse iska upyog screen per karsar ko navigate karne aur vibhinn objects ko chunne ke liye hota hai touch screen yah ek interactive display hota hai jismein upyog karta hai screen ko chhukar computer upkaran ko niyantrit kar sakta hai scanner iska upyukt tasviren documents aur anya printed samagri ko digital format mein computer mein darj karne ke liye kiya jata hai video capture aur video call ke istemal hota hai audio computer mein record karne ke liye kiya jata hai.
CPU Central Processing Unit -jise computer ka mastishk bhi kaha jata hai jo pure computer ko niyantrit karta hai processing unit ek computer ka mukhya bhag hota hai jo data ko process karne kshamta rakhta hai jaise ki input lena upyogkarta ke dwara diye gaye nirdeshon ko pura karna aur data process karke output banana iske teen bhag hote hain
Control Unit– ek control unit ko unko niyantrit karna unit karta hai matlab hardware aur software ke kam ko yani ki si u yah sab kam karta hai aur sambhalta hai logical unit yah ankganit jaise ki jod ghatana guna vibhajan tulna aur logical operations karke karne ke liye prayog li jaati hai is memory se data ko padh kar aur use per vibhinn operation karke natija prastut karta hai.
Memory Unit – computer mein data aur nirdeshon ko sangrahit store karne ke liye upyog hoti hai jismein primary memory ke storage device kar sake yah do prakar ke hoti hai primary memory aur secondary memory
Primary Memory– ke naam se bhi jana jata hai ismein meri main kiya gaya karya tab tak rahata hai jab tak computer machine on hai jaise ki computer jaise ki computer off hua memory ka mit jana erase ho jana is karya ki kshamta secondary memory ki tulna mein bahut jyada tej hoti hai iske do bhag hote hain ram and rom
Secondary Memory- jo data ko permanently store karne ke liye upyog hoti hai chahe computer turn off ho ya turn on aapka data hamesha ke liye sev rahata hai secondary memory mein ek ise auxiliary memory ke naam se bhi jana jata hai jaise ki hard drive ssd flash usd drive optical drive
Software सॉफ़्टवेयर
COMPUTER MEMORY KI UNIT Computer Kya Hai
Yahan niche sabhi memory ikaiyon ki suchi di gai hai
OUTPUT DEVICE– Yah ek aisa upkaran hai jo ki computer ya un electronic upkaran se prapt hone wali jankari ko hamen dikhata hai ise ek saral bhasha mein computer ya device se aane wali jankari ko dikhane ya sunane mein madad karte hain kuchh.
OUTPUT DEVICE KE UDAHARAN – Hai jo computer ya anya device ke aane wali jankari ko printer per print lene ke liye hota hai jo computer smartphone ya anya electronic upkaran se aate hain tv screen ko dikhane ke liye hota hai electronic devices. Computer storage device karne ke liye upyog kiye jaate hain jankari ko surakshit rakhne aur use aasani se ek sthan se dusre sthan per tantrik karne mein hamen madad karte hain.
SOLID STATE DRIVE -SDD Yeh device bina kisi magnetic disc ke hote hain aur electronics storage ka upyog karte hain yah hdd ki tulna mein kafi tej hoti hai
FLOPPY DISC DRIVE -FDD – Yah purana prakar ka storage device hai jo data sangrid karne ke liye upyog mein liya jata hai
COMPACT DISC CD – Aur DVD digital versatile disc DVD optical disc hote hain jinmen jankari optical text per sangrahit hoti hai yah aamtaur per multimedia data ke ektra ke liye upyog hote hain
USB – UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS – Flash drive hote hain jo computer mein usb port ke madhyam se connect kiye jaate hain software ke sath milkar computer ke karya karne ke liye saksham banate hain inko chhu nahin sakte yah programs hote hain yah software kahlata hai.
Yah software do prakar ke hote hain system software and application software
SYSTEM SOFTWARE system software ek computer system ko Sahi tarike se kam karne mein Hamen madad karne ke liye design kiye gaye hain iska mukhya Pramukh uddeshya hai Ek interface pradan karna Taki Anya software aasani se chal sake Kuchh udaharan.
OPERATING SYSTEM OS – Yah computer upyogkarta ke bich Ek interface pradan Karta Hai yah computer hardware ko sanchalit karne aur Anya software ko chalane Ke Liye prayog Mein liye Jaate Hain jaise ki Windows Linux Aadi
DRIVER- Yah driver ke sath samvad communicate Karne Wale software hote hain jaise ki printer driver scraping driver Aadi
UPKARAN SOFTWARE – Utility software yah upyogkarta ko Apne computer ko behtarin tarike se prabandhit karne mein madad Karta Hai jaise ki antivirus dis cleaner Aadi application software
APPLICATION SOFTWARE Computer Kya Hai
Vibhinn upyog Karta avashyaktaon ko pura karne ke liye design Kiya Jata Hai ise upyogkarta dwara Sidhe chalaya Ja sakta hai aur iska upyog karne ke liye Kiya Jata Hai
Kuchh udaharan application software ke
MICROSOFT OFFICE ismein Word processing spreadsheet presentation taiyar karne ke liye upyog hota hai jaise ki Microsoft Word –Word, Excel, PowerPoint etc.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP- Graphic designing aur Photo editing ke liye Banaya Gaya Hai
AutoCAD iska upyog computer designing Si a Di ke liye Kiya Jata Hai jaise ki engineering drawing banane ke liye
COMPUTER KE PRAKAR – TYPES OF COMPUTER
ANALOG COMPUTER –Analogue computer bahut hai jo bahut hi matra jaise ki voltage aane ke liye karte hain inmein vibhinn prakar ke sanchay ke liye analogue signal ka upyog hota hai jaise udaharan speaker thermometer and a log ghatiya voltmeter aadi shamil hai
DIGITAL COMPUTER -Digital signal hota hai jismein keval dost ya ho sakti hai zero aur ek jaise udaharan vyaktigat computer smartphone tablet aadi vaise to computer ke liye design kiye jaate hain yahan mukhya kuchh prakar bataya gaya hai
PC PERSONAL COMPUTER -Yah computer vyaktigat upyog ke liye hote hain aur aamtaur per ghar aur karyalay aur vyavsayik sangathanon mein hote hain
LAPTOP- Yah hamesha sath liya ja sakta sapne wala portable computer hote hain yah hath mein portable computing ka sandrbh hai
TABLET –Yah bhi portable hote hain aur screen ke madhyam se sandesh aur pradarshit data karte hain lekin unmen aamtaur per physical keyboard nahin hota sar vah computer hota hai jo network ke seva hai pradan karte hain jaise ki website email file sangathan aur database access
SUPER COMPUTER -Kshamta wale computer hote hain jinhen bade aur vishesh ganitiya upyog kiya jata hai jaise ki vigyan antriksh anusandhan modeling
EMBEDDED SYSTEM -Yah sadharan upyog ke liye design kiye gaye computer hote hain jo kisi vishisht karya ko karne ke liye ek spasht hardware aur software configuration mein shamil hote hain udaharan ke liye mobile phone vahan
MAIN FRAME COMPUTERS- Yah bade aur kshamta wale computer hote hain jo badi aur jatil karyon ke liye design kiye jaate hain jaise ki vittiya le aur data processing
QUANTUM COMPUTER- Wale computer hote hain jo quantum mechanics ke siddhant ka upyog karte hain
COMPUTER KI VISHESHTAEN- Computer Kya Hai
Gati Speed –Computer bahut tej gati se karya karte hain jisse vah bahut tej se jankari process kar sakte hain iska ek udaharan hai ki computer lock ho ya karodon ko saikdon mein kar sakte hain
kam karta hai iske kam mein galti hai bahut kam hoti hai aur yadi yah hoti hai to vah ham aur yadi hoti hai tumhen aamtaur per manviy truti ke karan hoti hai yadi data sahi hai to parinaam bhi satik hoga vividhta
Versatility– Computer vibhinn prakar ke karyon ko kar sakta hai iske upyog shiksha manoranjan vyavsayik vaigyanik anusandhan aadi kai kshetron mein kiya jata hai jaise ki ganana graphic processing aur anya karya mein madad karte hain
Swachalit Automation- Computer transport ko swachh roop se kar sakte hain ise bar bar nirdesh dene ki avashyakta nahin hoti jisse insanon ko kam karne mein madad milati hai udaharan ke liye ek bank computer swachalit roop se len den record kar sakta hai
Abhivadan Multitasking- Computer computer ke upyogkarta ki avashyaktaon ke aadhar per anukulit kiya ja sakta hai jisse upyogkarta aur adhik suvidha hoti hai sanchar communication computer ke sath sanchar kar sakta hai iski madad se log internet image sandesh aadi ka upyog bhi kar sakte hain
PARTS OF COMPUTER -COMPUTER KE BHAG AUR UNKE KARYA
COMPUTER KA ITIHAAS –
Computer shabd computer ka itihaas computer shabd ka pahla istemal 1613 itihaas mein computer ka shabd pahla istemal sal 1613 mein angrej lekhak richard brathwait ki kitab the young man gleanings mein milta hai inki is kitab mein ek pankti hai.
Abacus
2700 Isa purv Babylon Mein abakes ka aavishkar Kiya Gaya Abacus Jise counting frame bhi Kaha Jata tha. Hai yah Greek Shabd Abacus Hai Jiska Arth sarnibaddh Roop Ek Prachin Mishr Rus ROM Europe unan aur Japan mein bhi iska upyog Kiya jata tha.
Napier bones
Ki chhade bhi kaha jata hai yah ek upkaran hai jiska aavishkar 17 vi shatabdi ki shuruaat mein isko ganitagya ne kiya tha yah guna aur bhag ko saral banane ke liye design kiya gaya tha sath ki khoj karne ke liye bhi jaane jaate hain analytical and differential engine.
british ganit sal 1837 mein pahla general mechanical computer differential engine naam se ek machine banaen ise computer ko calculation karne ke liye istemal kiya jata tha father of computer charles babbage mein bhej inhen aadhunik computer ka janak bhi kaha jata hai
Computer Ki Generation
Pahili pidhi- (1946-1956)
Vaccumme tube ka upyog hota tha
Aakar mein kami aur bijali ki khapat mein kami hoti thi
Dhimi gati aur kshamta mein vriddhi
Mukhya vyavsayik aur vaigyanik anupryog mein
Dusri Pidhi (1956-1964)
Uchhstariy programming bhashaon ka Vikas ke Kuchh udaharan Hai IBM 1401
3 Pidhi- Circuit ic ka upyog kiya gaya iske aakar mein aur bhi kami aur bijali khapat mein bhi kami i gati aur kshamta mein bhari vriddhi hui mukhya vyaktigat aur vyavsayik mein bhi hone laga mini computer ka uday hua ibm 360 aur pdp 8 jaise udaharan
Chauthi pidhi- Micro processor ka upyog Kiya Gaya personal computer PC ka Vikas Hua Hai graphical user interface per bhi Dhyan Gaya computer ab Pahle Se Jyada gharon mein bhi Najar Aane Lage the Pramukh udharan Apple IBM PC Microsoft Windows learning ka Vikas hone laga Cloud Computing aur mobile device internet office things I O T aur big data Quantum computer ka Uday Hua mukhya vyaktigat Vyavsayik aur vibhinn Karya ja raha hai Jaise udaharan dip mind IBM Watson.
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